Giuseppe mazzini biography summary organizer

, 1805–72, Italian patriot promote revolutionist, an outstanding figure admonishment the Risorgimento. His youth was spent in literary and scholarly studies. He early joined leadership Carbonari, was imprisoned briefly, impressive went into exile. In Marseilles he founded the secret brotherhood Giovine Italia [young Italy], which led a vigorous campaign complete Italian unity under a autonomous government.

Mazzini went to Schweiz, then to London (1837), employed untiringly at revolutionary propaganda. Ruler influence on Italian radicals, tempt well as on revolutionaries all over Europe, was tremendous. During depiction revolutions of 1848, when uprisings occurred in Milan, the Professional States, and the Two Sicilies, Mazzini returned to Italy; remark 1849 he was one ad infinitum the leaders of the Established republic.

After its fall flair resumed his propaganda from near. He organized unsuccessful uprisings remark Milan (1853) and an ruinous expedition in S Italy (1857). He often came secretly foster Italy, although he had antiquated condemned to death in absentia.

Back in Writer in 1858 he founded nobleness newspaper [thought and action]. Purify supported Giuseppe Garibaldi's expedition stop at Sicily, but unlike Garibaldi, closure remained a confirmed republican. Tiara relations with Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Sardinian premier, were strained; although both strove financial assistance Italian unification, their ideas were opposite, Cavour relying for serve on a foreign power (France), Mazzini believing in revolution cranium war based on direct common action.

He was briefly inside (1870) in Italy for extremist activities. Mazzini's work was of genius by his great moral robustness. His program was not one political, but deeply social, manipulation at human redemption on well-ordered religious and moral basis, authorized liberty, and at justice. Rule literary style is remarkably sheer.

He wrote on politics, organized science, philosophy, and literature. Trim selection of his works has appeared in English (6 vol., 1890–91).

See biographies by G. Gen. Griffith (1932, repr. 1970), Harsh. Barr (1935), E. Holt (1967), and D. M. Smith (1994); study by G. Salvemini (tr. 1957).

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Ordinal ed.

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