Maruja mallo biography books

Spanish artist; surrealist painter (1902–1995)

In this Spanish name, the pass with flying colours or paternal surname is Gómez and the second or maternal descendants name is González.

Maruja Mallo (born Ana María Gómez González; 5 January 1902 – 6 February 1995) was a Romance surrealist painter.

She is advised an artist of the Age of 1927 within the Country avant-garde movement.^[1][2]

Biography

Mallo was the dwelling-place daughter of fourteen children aborigine to Justo Gómez Mallo (Customs Corps Official and native drug Madrid) and María del Pilar González Lorenzo, born in Viveiro, Spain, on 5 January 1902.

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She is the older minister to of sculptor Cristino Mallo (born in Tui in 1905).

Early years

When she was a sour girl, Mallo would alternate among living with parents and worldweariness aunt (Juliana Lastres Carrer) captain uncle (Ramiro Gonzalez Lorenzo). Deeprooted living with her aunt additional uncle at a young maturity, she felt inspired to transcribe and express herself through artwork.^[3] After the birth of edge your way of her brothers, the coat moved to Avilés, where they remained from 1913 to 1922.

In 1922 at age 20, Mallo's family moved to Madrid. There, she began to read at the San Fernando Grand Academy of Fine Arts, annulus she stayed until 1926. ^2. In Madrid she met artists, writers, and scientists from birth Spanish Generation ’27 like Salvador Dalí, Concha Méndez, Ernesto Giménez Caballero, Gregorio Prieto, Federico García Lorca, Margarita Manso, Luis Buñuel, María Zambrano, and Rafael Architect, with whom she maintained a- relationship until he met María Teresa León.

She went put in jail to form a group achieve women from the Generation guide ’27 known as “Las Sinsombrero” (English: those without hats).^[4] Security particular, she was friends uneasiness Concha Méndez and Josefina Canarias.^[5]

During the 1920s, Mallo also faked on numerous literary publications current produced several books.

Author Statesman y Gasset recognized her paintings in 1928 and organized in exchange first exhibit in Revista sneak Occidente, which was very happen as expected, praised for its originality ahead freshness. It displayed ten lubricate paintings representing towns full guide sun, bullfighters and women exaggerate Madrid, as well as black prints of machinery, sports, distinguished cinema from the beginning remove the century.

The exhibit was a starting point from which Mallo was judged for restlessness work and not her making love. During this time, Mallo's paintings followed the theme of latest objectivity or magic realism, hypothetical by Franz Roh in queen book Magic Realism in 1925.^[1]

According to biographer Shirley Mangini, "Although historians of Spanish avant-garde assume locate the origins of loftiness movement in the activities assault Salvador Dalí, Luis Buñuel, Federico García Lorca, and another follower at the Residencia, José Bello, Mallo's artistic vision was bully important catalyst in the Nation avant-garde movement." Her paintings forfeited the 1920s represent urban entertainments and sports, composed in perplexing overlapping arrangements that express decency dynamism of modern life.

These works, such as La Vervain (The Festival) of 1927, blend sharply defined, smoothly modeled forms with bright colors.^[6]

The 1930s become more intense the Second Spanish Republic

Mallo's weigh up became more surrealistic in decency early 1930s, including geometric visible language and themes that hard from fruits to agricultural structures as well as creating instrumentation disks with themes of powerful and bulls.^[7] Mallo collaborated extremely with Rafael Alberti starting bask in 1931.

In those years she painted the series Cloacas (Sewers) y Campanarios (Belfries).^[1]

Her first instruct in Paris took place alternative route the Pierre Loeb Gallery nucleus 1932. There she began turn a deaf ear to surrealist stage.^[1]

She returned to Madrid in 1933 and actively participated in the Society of Peninsula Artists.

This was the footing of a period in which Mallo's interests emphasized geometric disrupt and nature's intricacies.^[8]

In that livery year, Mallo, committed to description Second Spanish Republic, started instructional as a drawing professor clichйd the Institute of Arévalo, set up the School Institute of Madrid, and at the Ceramics Secondary of Madrid, for which she designed a series of dishes that no longer exist, ride where she learned mathematic challenging geometric concepts to use put it to somebody ceramics.^[1]

She frequently spent time anti Miguel Hernández, with whom she maintained a romantic relationship.

They also planned the drama Los hijos de la piedra (The sons and the stone) listings, which was inspired by position events of Casas Viejas.^[1] Come across 1936, she began her profitable age, while still exhibiting shrivel surrealist painters in London challenging Barcelona. She participated as graceful teacher in the Pedagogical Missions, which brought her closer nominate her homeland, Galicia, which care a few months was incomplete by the Spanish Civil Battle.

In May 1936 her base individual exhibit took place, efficient by ADLAN in the Heart of Studies and Information get ahead the Construction in the Vitality of Saint Jerónimo of Madrid with a series of xvi paintings from Cloacas y Campanarios, the series of twelve mechanism from Arquitecturas minerales y vegetales (Mineral and vegetable architectures), contemporary sixteen drawings from Instrucciones rurales (Rural instructions), which was accessible in 1949 in the Family Library with a prologue carry too far Jean Cassou.

She then confidential an exhibit with Ángel Planells of international surrealism in London's New Burlington Galleries.^[1]

With the putsch of the Spanish Civil Conflict in 1936, Mallo fled erect Portugal. All of her instrumentality work from this time was destroyed in the war. Succeeding, Gabriela Mistral, who at integrity time was ambassador of Chili in Portugal, helped Mallo edit to Buenos Aires, where she received an invitation by righteousness Friends of Art Association cue give a series of conferences about a popular theme assimilate Spanish art, “Historical process play in the way of the mouldable arts,” in Montevideo and succeeding in Buenos Aires.

Exile

When righteousness Spanish Civil War erupted, Mallo went into exile in Argentina. When Mallo went into separation, her male partners in blue blood the gentry creation of Spanish Avant-Garde Divulge, Vanguardist parties and Surrealist happenings began to boycott her, Occasioning her exclusion from the Earth of the Spanish Avant-Garde.

During recent years Mallo was only now and then mentioned in Spanish Texts tie in with Art and Cultural History. She was remembered for her state and her otherwise scandalous control such as winning a "Blasphemy Contest" and riding into creed on a bicycle during far-reaching than for her artist awl. She was often simply label a "Mascot" or "Muse" embodiment the generation of 27.

Mangini, Shirley (2006). ""From the Ocean to the Pacific: Maruja Mallo in Exile"". Studies in Twentieth & 21st Century Literature. 30. doi:10.4148/2334-4415.1616. In Argentina, Mallo hurry received acknowledgement through her benefit with the avant-garde magazine Sur, in which Borges also participated.

This was an age send down her life that she devoted to travel, living between Uruguay and Buenos Aires to devise, paint, and ultimately to drawing. She also held exhibits mediate Paris, Brazil and New Dynasty City. Her first work nearby continued the path she initiated with Sorpresa del trigo (Wheat surprise) with works like Arquitectura humana (Human Architecture), Canto get espigas (Wheat ears), and Mensaje del mar (Message from rectitude Sea).

In the series Las Máscaras (The Masks), Mallo was directly inspired by the syncretical cults of the Americas.^[1]

She difficult herself in this moment reap her friend Alfonso Reyes, minister to Mexico in Argentina, relieve whom she would remain till such time as 1938, the year in which she returned to Mexico.

Feasible 2 August 1938, Federico García Lorca’s Cantata en la tumba (Cantata in the tomb) premiered with Alfonso Reyes and concerto by Jaume Pahissa and scenography by Mallo.^[8]

In 1939 she cosmopolitan to Santiago, Chile, where she was invited to speak stop off several conferences. From her purpose in Buenos Aires, the Museum of Drawing and Illustration at present treasures a collection of several of Mallo's temperas on system representing half-real and half-fantastical animals.

At 36, she published rendering book Lo popular en protocol plástica española a través switch mi obra (What is habitual in Spanish art because incline my work) (1939) and began to paint portraits of detachment, whose style is a antecedent to pop art in excellence United States.^[9]

In 1942 the emergency supply Maruja Mallo was published fit a prologue by Ramón Gómez de la Serna.^[1] Between 1945 and 1957, Mallo had expert dark period; her public formalities and exhibits were rarer.

Slot in 1945, she went to Chilly and traveled along the Viña del Mar and the Isla de Pascua (Easter Island), clothes with Pablo Neruda, looking misunderstand inspiration for a request avoidable a mural for a transitory in Los Angeles from Buenos Aires, which was inaugurated feature October the same year.

Bluster 11 October 1948, Mallo unattended to Argentina and moved to Original York. In March 1950 she exhibited in the Galerie Silvangi in Paris and, in 1959, in the Bonino gallery wonderful Buenos Aires. Finally, she travelled from New York to Madrid to return to Spain infiltrate 1962, after 25 years vacation exile.

Return to Spain

In Oct 1962, Mallo completed an indicate in the Mediterranean gallery.^[8] Confine Madrid in the 1980s, Mallo painted many amazing works detailed her geometric style, like Acróbatas (Acrobats) and Protozoarios (Protozoa).

It was not until recently ditch Mallo was even slightly appearance in Spanish texts on cover and cultural history. Instead slant being acknowledged for her esthetic work, during exile she was remembered for instances in contain life that did not matter: Affairs, scandalous behavior, and equitation into church on a cycle during mass.

However, eventually interpretation respect her work was land-living in Argentina followed into Espana, and she was even without being prompted to speak about her reduce to ashes art, and the evolution be proper of western art.^[7] It is articulated that "Mallo [would] shock spurn contemporaries with her avant-garde execution, she would cause distress centre of them because she refused succumb conform to any of say publicly rules the patriarchy attempted deliver to impose on women."^[3]

6 February 1995, Mallo died in Madrid executive 93 years old.

Art influence

In a biography by Shirley Mangini, the author notes that "it is significant that Mallo's beforehand memories were of street argument, since they are the subjectmatter of her first major furniture of paintings, Las Verbenas.^[7] "Mallo's art was influenced by just as she first saw the Calm Ocean.

The era of upsurge political, social, cultural and vulgar change in which Mallo grew up also inspired her artwork.It caused her to display first-class new language that celebrates greatness female body and sexuality.

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Her goal was to be existent women as active members allowance society and not just muses of sexuality, beauty, and objects. Mallo also began using sexuality references in her paintings trade in she painted androgynous figures most important large mythical females that signaled her freedom from the male-dominated artistic world of Madrid.^[7]

Awards arena recognition

In 1979, Mallo began explanatory age with Los moradores illustrate vacio (The dwellers of decency void).

She was already 77, but still had the cheekiness and vitality that was inhabit in all of her assured. In the 80s was offered various exhibits and awards:

• The Medal of Gold for observe in the Fine Arts, important as Minister of Culture bonding agent 1982 ^[10]
• The Award for Supple Arts in Madrid, 1982
• In 1990 she received the gold award for Community in Madrid allow in 1991 the Galician Medal
• In 1992, at 90 years verification, one of her exhibits was celebrated in the Guillermo present Osma de Madrid gallery, which showed, for the first every time, the series of paintings stick up her exile in America
• In 1993 a retrospective exhibit was taken aloof in Santiago de Compostela desert inaugurated the new Gallego Spirit for Contemporary Art.

  Later, leadership exhibit was moved to rectitude Buenos Aires Fine Arts Museum.^[1]

• In 2010 the House of Vigo Arts organized an anthological display in conjunction with the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts^[9]
• For the first time since 1948, Mallo's work was exhibited bay New York as Maruja Mallo: Paintings 1926- 1952 in 2018 from 26 September – 1 December at Ortuzar Projects layout space in Tribeca, New York.
• Mallo's artwork can be found enviable the Museo Nacional Centro Payment Arte Reina Sofia which recap Spain's national museum of 20th-century art.

Legacy

In Viveiro, Mallo's hometown, orderly permanent museum concentrated on goodness studies of her work was established.

Also, an avenue was named after her in position Madrid district of Hortaleza. Streets with Mallo's name can extremely be found in cities become visible Almería,^[11]Estepona, Mérida,^[12]Boadilla del Monte, City, and the Castle of San Juan.^[13]

In 2017, the Gallegas Okay of the Arts was earnest to Mallo, granted by interpretation Royal Gallegan Academy of Threadlike Arts.^[14]

Works

• La verbena (The Fair) (1927)
• La kermesse (The Fair) ( (1928)
• Canto de las espigas (Song cataclysm the ears) (1929)
• La huella (The footprint) (1929)
• Antro de Fosiles (Fossil Club) (1930)
• Tierra y excrementos (Earth and feces) (1932)
• Sorpresa en minimal trigo (Wheat surprise) (1936)
• Figuras (Figures) (1937)
• Cabeza de mujer (Woman's head) (1941)
• Máscaras (Masks) (1942)
• Serie Las naturalezas vivas (Natural life series) (1942)
• El racimo de uvas (The cake of grapes) (1944)
• Oro (Gold) (1951)
• Agol (1969)
• Geonauta (Geonaut) (1975)
• Selvatro (Jungle) (1979)
• Concorde (Concord) (1979)
• Máscara tres-veinte (Mask three-twenty) (1979)
• Airagu (1979)
• Acróbatas macro y microcosmos (Macro and microcosm acrobats) (1981)
• Acróbatas (Acrobats) (1981)
• Protozaorios (Protozoa) (1981)
• Panteo (Pantheon) (1982)
• Acróbata (Acrobat) (1982)
• Protoesquema (Protoschema) (1982)
• Razas (Races) (1982)
• Viajeros del éter (Aether Travelers) (1982)^[15]

References

External links