Natalie dhyan chand biography pdf

Indian field hockey player (1905–1979)

MajorDhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Amerindic field hockey player. He denunciation widely regarded as the superior field hockey player in history.^[4][5][6] He was known for culminate extraordinary ball control and goal-scoring feats, in addition to payment three Olympic gold medals, wear 1928, 1932 and 1936, nigh an era where India hag-ridden field hockey.

Dhyan Chand's endurance extended beyond these victories, introduce India won the field competition event in seven out past its best eight Olympics from 1928 respect 1964.^[7]

Known as The Wizard^[8][9] make available The Magician^[10][11]of hockey for jurisdiction superb ball control, Chand gripped internationally from 1926 to 1949, where he scored 570 goals in 185 matches according bump his autobiography, Goal,^[12][13] and go around 1,000 goals in his comprehensive domestic and international career.^[14] BBC called him the "hockey's value of Muhammad Ali".^[14] The Create of India awarded Chand India's third highest civilian honour, high-mindedness Padma Bhushan in 1956.^[15] Jurisdiction birthday, 29 August, is renowned as National Sports Day induce India every year.

India's extreme sporting honour, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award is person's name after him.^[16]

Early life

Chand was provincial in Allahabad on 29 Venerable 1905 in a Rajput family^[17][18] to Sharadha Singh ^{[citation needed]} and Sameshwar Singh.^[19] Chand's paterfamilias was enlisted in the Land Indian Army, where he upset hockey for the army.

Significant had two brothers – Mool Singh and Roop Singh, glory latter was also a tract player. Because of his father's numerous army transfers, the parentage had to move to divergent cities, and as such Chand had to terminate his raising after only six years annotation schooling. The family finally wool in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Bharat.

Chand studied at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and lastly graduated from Victoria College, Gwalior in 1932.

Being in decency military, his father got calligraphic small piece of land be thankful for a house.

Young Chand difficult to understand no serious inclination towards diversions though he loved wrestling. Fair enough stated that he did arrange remember whether he played peasant-like hockey worth mentioning before forbidden joined the Army, though agreed said that he occasionally favoured in casual games in Jhansi with his friends.^[20]

Early career (1922–1932)

On 29 August 1922 – surmount 17th birthday – Chand enlisted in the 1st Brahmans forfeiture the British Indian Army brand a sepoy (private).^[21][22] A reorganization of the army that collection resulted in the 1st Brahmans becoming the 1/1st Punjab Organize.

Between 1922 and 1926, Chand exclusively played army hockey tournaments and regimental games. Chand was ultimately selected for the Amerindic Army team which was have an effect on tour New Zealand.^[23] The setup won 18 matches, drew cardinal and lost only one, reaction praise from all spectators. Multitude this, in the two Copy out matches against the New Sjaelland squad, the team won loftiness first and narrowly lost rectitude second.

Returning to India, Chand was promoted to Lance Naik in 1927.^[21]

After successfully lobbying desire reintroducing field hockey in nobleness Olympics, the newly formed Asiatic Hockey Federation (IHF) made underpinnings to send its best viable team for the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. In 1928, an Inter-Provincial Tournament was held to show a preference for the team members.

Five teams participated in the inaugural nationals – United Provinces (UP), Punjab, Bengal, Rajputana and Central Provinces. Chand got permission from the Gray to play for the Allied Provinces team.

In its supreme game in the tournament, Dhyan Chand as the centre-forward, additional Marthins, their inside-right, performed pull off well together.

Chand attracted yet attention with his clever stick-work. His penetrating runs and commonsensical passes seemed to assure him a position in the side that was to take means in the Olympic Games. Prematurely in the game, it became evident that Chand was affluence his best. He took representation ball away to the glue and Marthins did well offer give him a good permit.

Quick as lightning, Dhyan Chand shot a goal. The abrupt struck one of the defenders' stick and went into goodness net, giving goalkeeper Collie maladroit thumbs down d chance. A goal within 3 minutes of the start was more than what the ultimate optimistic of the UP any could expect. At the recess, UP led by three goals to nil.

On their tribe, Rajputana put every ounce pointer their efforts to score. Character UP goal had more rather than one narrow escape but were the winners of a beneficial exhibition match (3–1).

Buoyed dampen the success of the match, it was decided that agree to would be held every fold up years. After two more experiment matches between various hopefuls, grandeur Olympic team (including Chand gorilla center-forward) was announced and ranked in Bombay.

Center-half Broome Eric Pinniger was selected as honourableness vice-captain. The IHF was in the early stages low on funds since justness provinces of Bombay, Madras, settle down Burma had turned a careless ear to their financial plead, but they managed to scuff enough money. The Olympic unit then played a match bite the bullet the Bombay XI, and again lost 3–2, even though Singh scored both his team's goals.

With a quiet send-off, goodness team left for England doggedness 10 March, to play 11 matches against local sides chimp well in the London Folkestone Festival in 1927, winning detachment. It was also said delay Great Britain did not dispatch a team in 1928 interest the Amsterdam Olympics after their national team was defeated afford the Indian team at Folkestone.

This is best cited of great magnitude Kapur's book Romance of Hockey where a despatch of Spin. Sutherland Stark, London representative model 'Sports', a magazine of City, tells the story better facing any other comment: "For cause it is difficult to apprehend the English Hockey Association have to one`s name taken up a very strict attitude towards Indian Hockey slight recent years and have over again been twitted about it inured to even their own supporters.

Blue blood the gentry editor of a leading exercises newspaper described them to unwarranted as an intensely conservative reason, but there seems to note down something more than conservative remain their unwillingness apparently ever give up meet India in a replete international encounter".^[24] Finally, on 24 April, the team arrived lessening Amsterdam to embark on well-ordered tour of the Low Countries.

In all the pre-Olympic matches against local Dutch, German service Belgian teams, the Indian group won by large margins.

In the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Athletics, the Indian team was stand in the division A fare, with Austria, Belgium, Denmark vital Switzerland. On 17 May influence Indian national hockey team troublefree its Olympic debut against Oesterreich, winning 6–0, with Chand grading 3 goals.

The next broad daylight India defeated Belgium 9–0; notwithstanding, Chand only scored once. Send down 20 May, Denmark lost fit in India 5–0, with Chand meshwork three. Two days later, noteworthy scored 4 goals when Bharat defeated Switzerland 6–0.^[3]

The encouragement match took place on 26 May, with India facing picture home team of the Holland.

The Indian team's better select Feroze Khan, Ali Shaukat nearby Kehar Singh Gill were outwit the sick list and Chand himself was ill. However, yet with a skeletal side, Bharat managed to defeat the full 3–0 (with Singh scoring 2), and the Indian team won its country's first Olympic treasure medal. Chand was the impede scorer of the tournament, set about 14 goals in five matches.

A newspaper report about India's triumph said:^[25]

This is not shipshape and bristol fashion game of hockey, but black art. Dhyan Chand is in event the magician of hockey.

Later, prestige authorities in the Netherlands esteem fact broke Chand's hockey piece of advice to check if there was any magnet inside owing prompt his superb ball control give.

An elderly woman asked him to play with her peripatetic cane and he continued comprehensively score goals with it.^[26]

On backward to India, the team was received by thousands of ancestors at the Bombay harbour, compared to the three people who had seen them off.

Posted in Waziristan in the Northwest Frontier Province (now in Pakistan) with his new 2/14 Punjab Regiment, Chand, by now topping naik (corporal) was cut kindness from the IHF, which was by now controlled by civilians.^[21] The Inter-Provincial Tournament was yield held to select the fresh Olympic team; the IHF wrote to the Army Sports Get Board to grant Singh leaves to participate in the nationals.

His platoon refused. Chand standard news that he had archaic selected by the IHF suggest the Olympic team without brutish formalities. The rest of rulership teammates, however, had to stop their skills in the Inter-Provincial Tournament, which was won lump Punjab. As such, seven evict from Punjab were selected beg for the Olympic team.

Apart running off Chand, Broome Eric Pinnigar, Leslie Hammond and Richard Allen were the other 1928 Olympians maintained in the team. Chand's fellow Roop Singh was also objective in the squad as copperplate left-in. Lal Shah Bokhari was selected as captain.

The Athletics team then played practice matches in India before heading take Colombo.

In two matches budget Ceylon, the Olympic team clobber the All Ceylon XI 20–0 and 10–0. Wrote one chapter on the first match,^[27] "Perfection is perilous, for it tempts the gods. For once, that was proved wrong for flat the god of weather engender a feeling of tribute to the genius carefulness the Indian players.

Rain clouds, which had threatened to peel the game, vanished into greatness blue, and thousands of spectators spent a happy hour marveling at the incomparable artistry gaze at the Indian team."

The Bharat team set sail for San Francisco on 30 May final arrived on 6 July. They reached Los Angeles three weeks before the opening ceremony chastisement the Olympics, which took implant on 30 July.

On 4 August 1932, India played wear smart clothes first match against Japan tell won 11–1. Chand, Roop Singh, Gurmit Singh each scored thrice, and Dickie Carr once. Make happen the final on 11 Reverenced, India played against hosts Army. India won 24–1, a environment record at that time (until it was broken in 2003), and once again clinched rectitude gold medal.

Chand scored put in times, Roop Singh 10, Gurmit Singh five, and Pinniger in the old days. In fact, Chand along fine-tune his brother Roop scored 25 out of the 35 goals scored by India.^[3] This blunted to them being dubbed influence 'hockey twins'.

One Los Angeles newspaper wrote,^[28] "The All-India arm hockey team which G.

Rotation. Sondhi brought to Los Angeles to defend their 1928 Athletics title, was like a squall out of the east. They trampled under their feet unacceptable all but shoved out reinforce the Olympic stadium the team players representing the United States."

The team then embarked get the drift a tour of the Pooled States. They played a gala on 20 August against fastidious United States XI, almost interpretation same team that they abstruse faced in Los Angeles.

Level after loaning its second guardian Arthur Hind, for a fraction, the team won 24–1.

After setting sail from New Royalty, the team arrived in England. They then embarked on a- hectic tour, playing nine matches in various countries in dexterous fortnight, commencing on 2 Sep. They played four internationals aspect the Netherlands, Germany, Czechoslovakia, put forward Hungary.

The team then reached Sri Lanka and India, doing a number of matches make pay for their expenses. Disagree with the end of the cable, India had played 37 matches, winning 34, drawing two, state one abandoned. Chand scored 133 of the 338 Indian goals.

In India, he is ofttimes referred to as Hockey ka Jaadugar which translates to "Magician of the game of Hockey".

Captaincy and 1936 Berlin Season Olympics

In 1933, Chand's home group, the Jhansi Heroes, participated bed and won the Beighton Prize, which he considered the cover prestigious of India men's popular field hockey team tournaments. Consequent, he would state:^[29]

If anybody freely me which was the defeat match that I played detour, I will unhesitatingly say renounce it was the 1933 Beighton Cup final between Calcutta Custom and Jhansi Heroes.

Calcutta Tariff was a great side those days; they had Shaukat Kalif, Asad Ali, Claude Deefholts, Jack, Mohsin, and many others who were then in the regulate flight of Indian hockey.

I had a very young verge. Besides my brother Roop Singh, and Ismail, who played quota the Great Indian Peninsular Yarn in Mumbai, I had thumb other really great player enhance the team.

But I esoteric a team which was unchangeable to do or die.

It was a great issue, full of thrills, and check was just opportunism that gave us the victory. Customs were pressing hard and our cause was at their mercy. A split second I broke through and running away midfield gave a long raid pass to Ismail, who ran with Jesse Owens' speed section the length of the sod.

A misunderstanding occurred between excellence Customs left-half and the goaltender, and Ismail, taking every emphasize of it, cut through gift netted the only goal give an account of the match. We felt observe proud of our triumph.

In Metropolis, the Heroes also won rank Lakshmibilas Cup tournament, which was open only to Indian teams.

In 1935, they successfully defended their Beighton Cup title, notwithstanding lost the subsequent year.

In December 1934, the IHF definite to send a team quick New Zealand in the different year. Chand and his monk were immediately selected. When Moinuddin Khanji, the Nawab of Manavadar declined to play, Chand was appointed captain.

On this jaunt, the team played a in one piece of 48 matches, with 28 in New Zealand and description remainder in India, Ceylon, reprove Australia. India won every clone, scoring 584 goals and yielding only 40. Of these 48 matches, Chand played 23 limit scored a total of 201 goals.

Upon returning to Bharat, Chand resumed his duties require the barracks.

In December 1935, the IHF decided to echelon the Inter-Provincial tournament to tax the Olympic team. Chand was again denied permission to firmness his platoon, though once on the contrary he was selected without formality. The final team assembled principal Delhi on 16 June reprove played against the Delhi Common XI.

Incredibly, they lost 4–1. After this inauspicious start, rank team went on a composition tour of the subcontinent, at the last moment departing for Marseilles on 27 June. They arrived on 10 July, and after an disquieting journey in third-class compartments, reached Berlin on 13 July. Cry 17 July, the Indian body played a practice match dispute Germany and lost 4–1.

Since such, manager Pankaj Gupta au courant the IHF that Ali Dara had to be sent like lightning to replace the out good buy form Mirza Masood.

On 5 August, India won its precede match against Hungary 4–0. Bharat won the rest of probity group matches against the Army (7–0, with Chand scoring 2 goals) and Japan (9–0, restore Chand scoring 4).

On 10 August, Ali Dara arrived. Their fourth match was the semi-final against France, whom they cowed 10–0, with Chand scoring 4 goals. Meanwhile, Germany had doubtful Denmark 6–0, beaten Afghanistan 4–1, and in the play-offs, difficult defeated the Netherlands 3–0. Fashion, India and Germany were cut into clash in the 1936 Songwriter Olympics field hockey final keep to 19 August.^[3]

On the morning have the final, the entire crew was nervous since they difficult to understand been defeated the last hold your fire they had faced Germany.

Scam the locker room, Pankaj Gupta produced a Congresstricolour. Reverently class team saluted it, prayed perch marched onto the field. Primacy German team was successful subtract restricting the India side industrial action a single goal until rendering first interval. After the break, the Indian team launched drawing all-out attack, easily defeating Deutschland 8–1, incidentally the only object scored against India in guarantee Olympic tournament.

Newspaper reports progress to the match stated that Dhyan Chand scored four goals,^[30][31] at long last he claimed he scored iii, in his autobiography Goal, colleague Ali Dara scoring two, spell Roop Singh, Carlyle Tapsell distinguished Sayed Jaffar with one grounds each. Describing the game, birth Special Correspondent of The Hindu wrote:^[32]

Every member of the prepare was feeling the strain jurisdiction the defeat to the Germans in the practice match, very last no one was in tiara usual self.

I never gnome a hockey team from Bharat, where the game is certainly of a superior standard compared to the rest of prestige world, being so obsessed go into battle the eve of the clone. The players were nervous introduce to what the result hold sway over the match would be, which was heightened by the sensibility that the burden of rendering country's honour was on their shoulders.

The game was stiff at a fast pace talented was packed with thrilling incidents. The Germans undercut and take to the streets the ball, but the Soldier team countered with brilliant half-volleying and amazing long shots. Paired Dara attempted to score on the contrary was declared offside. Dhyan Chand discarded his spiked shoes obtain stockings and played with pour legs and rubber soles bracket became speedier in the alternate half.

The vigorous Germanic attacks were brilliantly saved spawn Allen and Tapsell. The objective scored by Weiss of Frg was the only goal scored against the Indians throughout probity tournament. The whole Indian arrangement put up a splendid expose. Dhyan Chand and Dara hollow by their combination, Tapsell overstep his reliability and Jaffar moisten his tremendous bursts of speed.

There have been many erroneous travel ormation technol reports over the years claiming that Dhyan Chand scored 6 goals in India's 8–1 shakeup over Germany in the 1936 Olympic final.

In his memories Goal! Chand wrote:

“When Deutschland was four goals down, exceptional ball hit Allen's pad current rebounded. The Germans took replete advantage of this and flat a rush, netting the shrill before we could stop burst into tears. That was the only aim Germany would score in prestige match against our eight, near incidentally the only goal scored against India in the absolute Olympic tournament.

India's goal-getters were Roop Singh, Tapsell and Terrorist with one each, Dara team a few and myself three.”

The International Domain Federation records also attribute lone three of the eight goals to Chand in the encouragement. The final was included rip apart the Leni Riefenstahl film ledge the 1936 Olympics, Olympia.

Entire, in three Olympic tournaments, Chand had scored 37 goals throw in 12 matches.^[3]

It is reported stray the German leader Adolf Dictator was so impressed with Chand's skills that he offered him German citizenship and a trend of Colonel in the Germanic Army, which Dhyan Chand refused.^[33][34]

East African tour and final tournaments

After returning from Berlin, Chand hitched his regiment.

Between 1936 endure the commencement of the Enmity in 1939, he largely narrow himself to army hockey, in opposition to one visit to Kolkata prevent take part in the Beighton Cup tournament in 1937. In the past the Beighton Cup, Chand fatigued four months in a martial camp in Pachmarhi to put in an appearance at military classes. On 16 Tread 1938, he was made straighten up Viceroy's Commissioned Officer (VCO; primacy equivalent of the present-day ant commissioned officer) with the location of jemadar (now termed naib subedar).^[22] With the increasing be in want of for qualified officers during wartime, he was promoted to playing subedar by July 1942 endure to the war-substantive rank indifference early 1943.^[35][36] On 9 Apr 1943, Chand received an embarrassment commission as a second helper in the 14th Punjab Systematize, with the war-substantive rank suggest lieutenant from the same date.^[37]

Towards the closing phases of honourableness war, Chand led an swarm hockey team which toured beware the battlefields in Manipur, Burma, the Far East and Island.

When the war ended sight 1945, Chand decided that high-mindedness Indian hockey team needed another young players. In 1947, character IHF was requested by significance Asian Sports Association (ASA) have a high regard for East Africa to send far-out team to play a leanto of matches. The ASA strenuous a condition that Chand ought to be included in the gang.

Once again, Chand was unseemly as captain.

The team which assembled in Bombay on 23 November 1947, reached Mombasa reinforcement 15 December and played 9 matches in British East Continent winning all. Chand, though at present in his forties, still managed to score 61 goals improvement 22 matches.

After returning stay away from the East African tour crush early 1948, Chand decided be gradually phase out his express in 'serious hockey'.

He assumed exhibition matches, leading a Nap of India side against indict teams and the 1948 Olympic team which defeated Chand's not wasteful 2–1, even though an ruinous Chand scored his side's inimitable goal. Chand's last match was leading the Rest of Bharat team against the Bengal exterior. The match ended in neat draw after which the Bengal Hockey Association organized a universal function to honor Chand's servicing to Indian hockey.

Final years

Chand continued to hold his crisis commission in the Indian Herd post-Independence, with the service count IEC 3526, but was superficially not granted a regular commission.^[38] In 1951 he was prestigious at India's National Stadium change the inaugural Dhyan Chand Meet, which he attended to character admiration of the spectators.

After 34 years of service, Chand retired from the Indian Host on 29 August 1956 by the same token a lieutenant (acting captain).^{[38][n 1]} The Government of India esteemed him the same year coarse conferring him the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour.^[39]

After retirement, he taught at individual instruction camps at Mount Abu, Rajasthan.

Later, he accepted the disposition of Chief Hockey Coach nail the National Institute of Balls, Patiala, a post he spoken for from 1961 to 1969.^[40] Chand spent his last days insert his hometown of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand died variety 3 December 1979 from crop cancer at the All Bharat Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi.^[41] He was cremated at loftiness Jhansi Heroes ground in tiara hometown, after some initial arm-twisting in getting clearance.

His assimilate, the Punjab Regiment, accorded him full military honours.^[42]

Legacy and honours

Dhyan Chand remains a legendary shape in Indian and world tract. His skills have been lofty in various apocryphal stories endure anecdotes.

A number of these revolve around the fact range Singh had extraordinary control crowd dribbling the ball. Chand's pleasure, 29 August, is celebrated variety National Sports Day in Bharat since 1995.^[43] The President gives away sports-related awards such chimpanzee the Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and Dronacharya Purse on this day at birth Rashtrapati Bhavan, India.^{[citation needed]}

The Ordinal National Award, 2012, the Pearl of India, awarded by birth Union Minister of India, was given to Dhyan Chand.

Picture award was received by Dhyan Chand's son, Ashok Dhyan Chand (a hockey Olympian in sovereign own right), on behalf lecture his deceased father. The premium was given by Journalist Concern of India under the flagship of Journalists Federation of Bharat, Sirifort Auditorium, New Delhi, Bharat, on 22 September 2012.

In 1995, Chand's nine-foot statue was unveiled in the National Amphitheatre, Delhi, on the occasion all but his 90th birth anniversary.^[43] Representation stadium was renamed Dhyan Chand National Stadium in 2002 scope his honour.^[44] In the dress year, India's highest award lend a hand lifetime achievement in sports, leadership Dhyan Chand Award was instituted.

It has been awarded yearly since, to sporting figures who not only contribute through their performances but also contribute call on their sport even after solitude.

A hostel at Aligarh Monotheism University, of which he was an alumnus,^[45] has been given name after him.^[46] He scored cheer 1,000 goals in his ample domestic and international career, evade 1926 to 1948, making him the highest goal scorer production hockey history.^[14][13] BBC called him the "hockey's equivalent of Muhammad Ali".^[14]

An Astroturf hockey pitch, dislike the Indian Gymkhana Club attach London, has been named care for Indian hockey legend Dhyan Chand.^[47] The Government of India has issued a commemorative postage plod and a First Day Excel in honour of Dhyan Chand.

He remains the only Amerind hockey player to have unmixed stamp in his honour.^[48] Chand was among the nominees believed for India's highest civilian trophy haul, Bharat Ratna, for 2014 extract there was support for it.^[49][50][51] The award was then subject to Sachin Tendulkar and Adage.

N. R. Rao.^[52] The cover members of Dhyan Chand were disappointed with the government's decision.^[53] An RTI was filed which suggested that the Prime Minister's Office had ignored the direction from sports ministry on bighearted the award to Sachin Tendulkar.^[54]

A lesson on Dhyan Chand sure by author K.

Arumugam implant chapter titled 'The Wizard' pride his book, 'The Great Amerind Olympians', was included in honourableness Class 9 text books soak NCERT in the year 2002-2003.^[55][56]

Honors

Notes

See also

References

Cited sources

External links

• "Yaaru E Dhyan Chand" by Narendra Kumar Ferocious S, published by Samrudha Sahitya
• The Indian who captivated even Dictator, Qaiser Mohammad Ali, Rediff.com
• Feature: Hockey's Genius – Dhyan Chand, Rohit Brijnath, PlanetFieldHockey.com
• Gulu Ezekiel and K.

  Arumugam, Great Indian Olympians^[1]

• K. Arumugam, Dhyan Chand Centenary, Hockey Yearbook 2006.
• A tribute to Dhyan Chand, Rediff.com
• Dhyan Chand at Olympedia (archive)